Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3

UniProtKB accession:  Q9Z2B5

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UniProtKB description:  Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha) in response to various stress conditions (PubMed:9930704, PubMed:11106749, PubMed:23921556). Key activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) required for adaptation to various stress, such as unfolded protein response (UPR) and low amino acid availability (PubMed:9930704, PubMed:11106749, PubMed:23921556). EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a global attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming (PubMed:11106749, PubMed:23921556). Serves as a critical effector of unfolded protein response (UPR)-induced G1 growth arrest due to the loss of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) (PubMed:11035797). Involved in control of mitochondrial morphology and function (PubMed:23921556).